State Policy Regimes and Associational Roles in Technology Development: A Tale of Two Metropolises

The lead trade associations of the bio-pharma and semiconductor industries have differed systematically in their roles facilitating development innovation networks between Shanghai Shenzhen, two prominent high-tech metropolises China. Divergent associational stem from variations regional state policy regime that has exerted differential shaping influence on structure social cleavages strength reciprocity norms among member firms willingness to actively cooperatively engage association-led networking activities. whose network-building been structured differently through varied regimes displayed dissimilar abilities reduce network failures promote competences metropolises. empirical findings article carry important implications for understanding causes consequences process technology China, other emerging markets, beyond.